## NAME rsyncd.conf - configuration file for rsync in daemon mode ## SYNOPSIS rsyncd.conf The online version of this manpage (that includes cross-linking of topics) is available at . ## DESCRIPTION The rsyncd.conf file is the runtime configuration file for rsync when run as an rsync daemon. The rsyncd.conf file controls authentication, access, logging and available modules. ## FILE FORMAT The file consists of modules and parameters. A module begins with the name of the module in square brackets and continues until the next module begins. Modules contain parameters of the form `name = value`. The file is line-based -- that is, each newline-terminated line represents either a comment, a module name or a parameter. Only the first equals sign in a parameter is significant. Whitespace before or after the first equals sign is discarded. Leading, trailing and internal whitespace in module and parameter names is irrelevant. Leading and trailing whitespace in a parameter value is discarded. Internal whitespace within a parameter value is retained verbatim. Any line **beginning** with a hash (`#`) is ignored, as are lines containing only whitespace. (If a hash occurs after anything other than leading whitespace, it is considered a part of the line's content.) Any line ending in a `\` is "continued" on the next line in the customary UNIX fashion. The values following the equals sign in parameters are all either a string (no quotes needed) or a boolean, which may be given as yes/no, 0/1 or true/false. Case is not significant in boolean values, but is preserved in string values. ## LAUNCHING THE RSYNC DAEMON The rsync daemon is launched by specifying the `--daemon` option to rsync. The daemon must run with root privileges if you wish to use chroot, to bind to a port numbered under 1024 (as is the default 873), or to set file ownership. Otherwise, it must just have permission to read and write the appropriate data, log, and lock files. You can launch it either via inetd, as a stand-alone daemon, or from an rsync client via a remote shell. If run as a stand-alone daemon then just run the command "`rsync --daemon`" from a suitable startup script. Systems using systemd can use the example unit files in the source tree's `packaging/systemd` directory. The `rsync.service` file runs a stand-alone daemon using `rsync --daemon --no-detach`, while `rsync.socket` and `rsync@.service` show a socket-activated setup for incoming connections. These files may need local adjustment to match your installed rsync path, packaging layout, and module policy. When run via inetd you should add a line like this to /etc/services: > rsync 873/tcp and a single line something like this to /etc/inetd.conf: > rsync stream tcp nowait root @BINDIR@/rsync rsyncd --daemon Replace "@BINDIR@/rsync" with the path to where you have rsync installed on your system. You will then need to send inetd a HUP signal to tell it to reread its config file. Note that you should **not** send the rsync daemon a HUP signal to force it to reread the `rsyncd.conf` file. The file is re-read on each client connection. ## GLOBAL PARAMETERS The first parameters in the file (before a [module] header) are the global parameters: [comment]: # (An OL starting at 0 is converted into a DL by the parser.) 0. `motd file` This parameter allows you to specify a "message of the day" (MOTD) to display to clients on each connect. This usually contains site information and any legal notices. The default is no MOTD file. This can be overridden by the `--dparam=motdfile=FILE` command-line option when starting the daemon. 0. `pid file` This parameter tells the rsync daemon to write its process ID to that file. The rsync keeps the file locked so that it can know when it is safe to overwrite an existing file. The filename can be overridden by the `--dparam=pidfile=FILE` command-line option when starting the daemon. 0. `port` You can override the default port the daemon will listen on by specifying this value (defaults to 873). This is ignored if the daemon is being run by inetd, and is superseded by the `--port` command-line option. 0. `address` You can override the default IP address the daemon will listen on by specifying this value. This is ignored if the daemon is being run by inetd, and is superseded by the `--address` command-line option. 0. `socket options` This parameter can provide endless fun for people who like to tune their systems to the utmost degree. You can set all sorts of socket options which may make transfers faster (or slower!). Read the manpage for the **setsockopt()** system call for details on some of the options you may be able to set. By default no special socket options are set. These settings can also be specified via the `--sockopts` command-line option. 0. `listen backlog` You can override the default backlog value when the daemon listens for connections. It defaults to 5. You may also include any [MODULE PARAMETERS](#) in the global part of the config file, in which case the supplied value will override the default for that parameter. You may use references to environment variables in the values of parameters. String parameters will have %VAR% references expanded as late as possible (when the string is first used in the program), allowing for the use of variables that rsync sets at connection time, such as RSYNC_USER_NAME. Non-string parameters (such as true/false settings) are expanded when read from the config file. If a variable does not exist in the environment, or if a sequence of characters is not a valid reference (such as an un-paired percent sign), the raw characters are passed through unchanged. This helps with backward compatibility and safety (e.g. expanding a non-existent %VAR% to an empty string in a path could result in a very unsafe path). The safest way to insert a literal % into a value is to use %%. ## MODULE PARAMETERS After the global parameters you should define a number of modules, each module exports a directory tree as a symbolic name. Modules are exported by specifying a module name in square brackets [module] followed by the parameters for that module. The module name cannot contain a slash or a closing square bracket. If the name contains whitespace, each internal sequence of whitespace will be changed into a single space, while leading or trailing whitespace will be discarded. There is also a special module name of "[global]" that does not define a module but instead switches back to the global settings context where default parameters can be specified. Because each defined module gets its full set of parameters as a combination of the default values that are set at that position in the config file plus its own parameter list, the use of a "[global]" section can help to maintain shared config values for multiple modules. As with [GLOBAL PARAMETERS](#), you may use references to environment variables in the values of parameters. See that section for details. 0. `comment` This parameter specifies a description string that is displayed next to the module name when clients obtain a list of available modules. The default is no comment. 0. `path` This parameter specifies the directory in the daemon's filesystem to make available in this module. You must specify this parameter for each module in `rsyncd.conf`. If the value contains a "/./" element then the path will be divided at that point into a chroot dir and an inner-chroot subdir. If [`use chroot`](#) is set to false, though, the extraneous dot dir is just cleaned out of the path. An example of this idiom is: > path = /var/rsync/./module1 This will (when chrooting) chroot to "/var/rsync" and set the inside-chroot path to "/module1". You may base the path's value off of an environment variable by surrounding the variable name with percent signs. You can even reference a variable that is set by rsync when the user connects. For example, this would use the authorizing user's name in the path: > path = /home/%RSYNC_USER_NAME% It is fine if the path includes internal spaces -- they will be retained verbatim (which means that you shouldn't try to escape them). If your final directory has a trailing space (and this is somehow not something you wish to fix), append a trailing slash to the path to avoid losing the trailing whitespace. 0. `use chroot` If "use chroot" is true, the rsync daemon will chroot to the "[path](#)" before starting the file transfer with the client. This has the advantage of extra protection against possible implementation security holes, but it has the disadvantages of requiring super-user privileges, of not being able to follow symbolic links that are either absolute or outside of the new root path, and of complicating the preservation of users and groups by name (see below). If `use chroot` is not set, it defaults to trying to enable a chroot but allows the daemon to continue (after logging a warning) if it fails. The one exception to this is when a module's [`path`](#) has a "/./" chroot divider in it -- this causes an unset value to be treated as true for that module. Prior to rsync 3.2.7, the default value was "true". The new "unset" default makes it easier to setup an rsync daemon as a non-root user or to run a daemon on a system where chroot fails. Explicitly setting the value to "true" in rsyncd.conf will always require the chroot to succeed. It is also possible to specify a dot-dir in the module's "[path](#)" to indicate that you want to chdir to the earlier part of the path and then serve files from inside the latter part of the path (with sanitizing and default symlink munging). This can be useful if you need some library dirs inside the chroot (typically for uid & gid lookups) but don't want to put the lib dir into the top of the served path (even though they can be hidden with an [`exclude`](#) directive). However, a better choice for a modern rsync setup is to use a [`name converter`](#)" and try to avoid inner lib dirs altogether. See also the [`daemon chroot`](#) parameter, which causes rsync to chroot into its own chroot area before doing any path-related chrooting. If the daemon is serving the "/" dir (either directly or due to being chrooted to the module's path), rsync does not do any path sanitizing or (default) munging. When it has to limit access to a particular subdir (either due to chroot being disabled or having an inside-chroot path set), rsync will munge symlinks (by default) and sanitize paths. Those that dislike munged symlinks can disable the symlink munging via the "[munge symlinks](#)" parameter; incoming symlink values are then sanitized instead (see that parameter). When rsync is sanitizing paths, it resolves away the ".." path elements that would take an arg above the module hierarchy. For an operator-supplied option path such as `--backup-dir` & `--compare-dest`, a leading slash is also substituted with the module's path (so an absolute path is interpreted as rooted in the module's "[path](#)" dir); for the transfer's own source args a leading slash is simply dropped. When a chroot is in effect *and* the "[name converter](#)" parameter is *not* set, the "[numeric ids](#)" parameter will default to being enabled (disabling name lookups). This means that if you manually setup name-lookup libraries in your chroot (instead of using a name converter) that you need to explicitly set `numeric ids = false` for rsync to do name lookups. If you copy library resources into the module's chroot area, you should protect them through your OS's normal user/group or ACL settings (to prevent the rsync module's user from being able to change them), and then hide them from the user's view via "[exclude](#)" (see how in the discussion of that parameter). However, it's easier and safer to setup a name converter. 0. `daemon chroot` This parameter specifies a path to which the daemon will chroot before beginning communication with clients. Module paths (and any "[use chroot](#)" settings) will then be related to this one. This lets you choose if you want the whole daemon to be chrooted (with this setting), just the transfers to be chrooted (with "[use chroot](#)"), or both. Keep in mind that the "daemon chroot" area may need various OS/lib/etc files installed to allow the daemon to function. By default the daemon runs without any chrooting. 0. `proxy protocol` When this parameter is enabled, all incoming connections must start with a V1 or V2 proxy protocol header. If the header is not found, the connection is closed. Setting this to `true` requires a proxy server to forward source IP information to rsync, allowing you to log proper IP/host info and make use of client-oriented IP restrictions. The default of `false` means that the IP information comes directly from the socket's metadata. If rsync is not behind a proxy, this should be disabled. _CAUTION_: using this option can be dangerous if you do not ensure that only the proxy is allowed to connect to the rsync port. If any non-proxied connections are allowed through, the client will be able to use a modified rsync to spoof any remote IP address that they desire. You can lock this down using something like iptables `-uid-owner root` rules (for strict localhost access), various firewall rules, or you can require password authorization so that any spoofing by users will not grant extra access. This setting is global. If you need some modules to require this and not others, then you will need to setup multiple rsync daemon processes on different ports. 0. `proxy protocol hosts` This global parameter lists the socket peer IP addresses that are allowed to supply a `proxy protocol` header. The syntax is the same token format used by `hosts allow`. When `proxy protocol = true`, this list must match the direct peer before rsync trusts the forwarded client address. 0. `name converter` This parameter lets you specify a program that will be run by the rsync daemon to do user & group conversions between names & ids. This script is started prior to any chroot being setup, and runs as the daemon user (not the transfer user). You can specify a fully qualified pathname or a program name that is on the $PATH. The program can be used to do normal user & group lookups without having to put any extra files into the chroot area of the module *or* you can do customized conversions. The nameconvert program has access to all of the environment variables that are described in the section on `pre-xfer exec`. This is useful if you want to customize the conversion using information about the module and/or the copy request. There is a sample python script in the support dir named "nameconvert" that implements the normal user & group lookups. Feel free to customize it or just use it as documentation to implement your own. 0. `numeric ids` Enabling this parameter disables the mapping of users and groups by name for the current daemon module. This prevents the daemon from trying to load any user/group-related files or libraries. This enabling makes the transfer behave as if the client had passed the `--numeric-ids` command-line option. By default, this parameter is enabled for chroot modules and disabled for non-chroot modules. Also keep in mind that uid/gid preservation requires the module to be running as root (see "[uid](#)") or for "[fake super](#)" to be configured. A chroot-enabled module should not have this parameter set to false unless you're using a "[name converter](#)" program *or* you've taken steps to ensure that the module has the necessary resources it needs to translate names and that it is not possible for a user to change those resources. 0. `munge symlinks` This parameter tells rsync to modify all incoming symlinks the same way as the (non-daemon-affecting) `--munge-links` command-line option: it prefixes each stored symlink's value with the string "/rsyncd-munged/". Because that directory does not normally exist, a munged symlink cannot be followed, so an uploaded symlink cannot be used to read or write a file through it. On the way back out the prefix is stripped, so clients see the original symlink values. When this parameter is enabled, rsync refuses to run a module if "/rsyncd-munged/" already exists in it as a directory or a symlink to a directory. The default depends on chroot. For a plain chrooted module -- "[use chroot](#)" on and "[path](#)" with no "/./" split, so the daemon chroots straight into the module and serves it as the chroot root -- munging is disabled by default, since the chroot itself already stops a symlink from escaping. In every other case it is enabled: any non-chroot module, or a chroot module whose "[path](#)" uses a "/./" split to serve an inner subdir below the chroot root. When this parameter is disabled on a writable module whose access is limited to a subdir (i.e. "[use chroot](#)" is off, or the inside-chroot path is not "/"), an incoming symlink is not prefixed but is still sanitized as it is stored: a leading slash is dropped and any leading ".." components that would take the value above the module are removed, so a stored symlink's value cannot name a path outside the module (it can still point to another name inside the module). Munging changes only the symlink VALUES that are stored. Whether the daemon follows a *pre-existing* in-module symlink when it resolves a transfer path is a separate matter, governed by the secure path resolver that is on by default; see the "[insecure links](#)" parameter for the exact rule and how to opt out of it. When using the "munge symlinks" parameter in a chroot area that has an inside-chroot path of "/", you should add "/rsyncd-munged/" to the exclude setting for the module so that a user can't try to create it. To add or remove the "/rsyncd-munged/" prefix on symlinks yourself (for instance on links you create locally inside a module), there is a python script in the support directory of the source code named "munge-symlinks". 0. `insecure links` This parameter (defaulting to "false") controls whether the daemon resolves its symlink-bearing paths with the normal symlink-race defences or with the legacy follow-any-symlink behaviour. When false (the default), the daemon refuses to follow a symlink it did not create -- the directory enumeration and file-content opens of the served module, and the operator-supplied paths (`--backup-dir`, `--temp-dir`, `--partial-dir`, the alt-dest basis dirs, and so on) are all resolved with a walk that follows a symlink component only when it is owned by uid 0 or by the uid the module runs as, refusing one planted by any other user. A client can never relax this: a client that sends `--insecure-links` to the daemon has its request refused. Setting this parameter to "true" restores the pre-hardening behaviour for **this module only**: the daemon follows **any** symlink in those paths. > **WARNING:** enabling "insecure links" re-opens the symlink-escape / > TOCTOU vulnerabilities that the default closes (including CVE-2026-53797 > and CVE-2026-53801): an attacker who can create a symlink inside the module > -- or who shares the host with the served tree -- can redirect the daemon's > reads and writes to files **outside** the module. Enable it **only** on a > single-tenant, fully-isolated, or otherwise trusted host where no untrusted > local user can plant a symlink in the served tree. It is the daemon > analogue of the client's `--insecure-links` and exists for the same narrow > "I accept the risk in my isolated environment" case. 0. `charset` This specifies the name of the character set in which the module's filenames are stored. If the client uses an `--iconv` option, the daemon will use the value of the "charset" parameter regardless of the character set the client actually passed. This allows the daemon to support charset conversion in a chroot module without extra files in the chroot area, and also ensures that name-translation is done in a consistent manner. If the "charset" parameter is not set, the `--iconv` option is refused, just as if "iconv" had been specified via "[refuse options](#)". If you wish to force users to always use `--iconv` for a particular module, add "no-iconv" to the "[refuse options](#)" parameter. Keep in mind that this will restrict access to your module to very new rsync clients. 0. `max connections` This parameter allows you to specify the maximum number of simultaneous connections you will allow. Any clients connecting when the maximum has been reached will receive a message telling them to try later. The default is 0, which means no limit. A negative value disables the module. See also the "[lock file](#)" parameter. 0. `log file` When the "log file" parameter is set to a non-empty string, the rsync daemon will log messages to the indicated file rather than using syslog. This is particularly useful on systems (such as AIX) where **syslog()** doesn't work for chrooted programs. The file is opened before **chroot()** is called, allowing it to be placed outside the transfer. If this value is set on a per-module basis instead of globally, the global log will still contain any authorization failures or config-file error messages. If the daemon fails to open the specified file, it will fall back to using syslog and output an error about the failure. (Note that the failure to open the specified log file used to be a fatal error.) This setting can be overridden by using the `--log-file=FILE` or `--dparam=logfile=FILE` command-line options. The former overrides all the log-file parameters of the daemon and all module settings. The latter sets the daemon's log file and the default for all the modules, which still allows modules to override the default setting. 0. `syslog facility` This parameter allows you to specify the syslog facility name to use when logging messages from the rsync daemon. You may use any standard syslog facility name which is defined on your system. Common names are auth, authpriv, cron, daemon, ftp, kern, lpr, mail, news, security, syslog, user, uucp, local0, local1, local2, local3, local4, local5, local6 and local7. The default is daemon. This setting has no effect if the "[log file](#)" setting is a non-empty string (either set in the per-modules settings, or inherited from the global settings). 0. `syslog tag` This parameter allows you to specify the syslog tag to use when logging messages from the rsync daemon. The default is "rsyncd". This setting has no effect if the "[log file](#)" setting is a non-empty string (either set in the per-modules settings, or inherited from the global settings). For example, if you wanted each authenticated user's name to be included in the syslog tag, you could do something like this: > syslog tag = rsyncd.%RSYNC_USER_NAME% 0. `max verbosity` This parameter allows you to control the maximum amount of verbose information that you'll allow the daemon to generate (since the information goes into the log file). The default is 1, which allows the client to request one level of verbosity. This also affects the user's ability to request higher levels of `--info` and `--debug` logging. If the max value is 2, then no info and/or debug value that is higher than what would be set by `-vv` will be honored by the daemon in its logging. To see how high of a verbosity level you need to accept for a particular info/debug level, refer to `rsync --info=help` and `rsync --debug=help`. For instance, it takes max-verbosity 4 to be able to output debug TIME2 and FLIST3. 0. `lock file` This parameter specifies the file to use to support the "[max connections](#)" parameter. The rsync daemon uses record locking on this file to ensure that the max connections limit is not exceeded for the modules sharing the lock file. The default is `/var/run/rsyncd.lock`. 0. `read only` This parameter determines whether clients will be able to upload files or not. If "read only" is true then any attempted uploads will fail. If "read only" is false then uploads will be possible if file permissions on the daemon side allow them. The default is for all modules to be read only. Note that "[auth users](#)" can override this setting on a per-user basis. 0. `write only` This parameter determines whether clients will be able to download files or not. If "write only" is true then any attempted downloads will fail. If "write only" is false then downloads will be possible if file permissions on the daemon side allow them. The default is for this parameter to be disabled. Helpful hint: you probably want to specify "refuse options = delete" for a write-only module. 0. `open noatime` When set to True, this parameter tells the rsync daemon to open files with the O_NOATIME flag (on systems that support it) to avoid changing the access time of the files that are being transferred. If your OS does not support the O_NOATIME flag then rsync will silently ignore this option. Note also that some filesystems are mounted to avoid updating the atime on read access even without the O_NOATIME flag being set. When set to False, this parameters ensures that files on the server are not opened with O_NOATIME. When set to Unset (the default) the user controls the setting via `--open-noatime`. 0. `list` This parameter determines whether this module is listed when the client asks for a listing of available modules. In addition, if this is false, the daemon will pretend the module does not exist when a client denied by "[hosts allow](#)" or "[hosts deny](#)" attempts to access it. Realize that if "[reverse lookup](#)" is disabled globally but enabled for the module, the resulting reverse lookup to a potentially client-controlled DNS server may still reveal to the client that it hit an existing module. The default is for modules to be listable. 0. `uid` This parameter specifies the user name or user ID that file transfers to and from that module should take place as when the daemon was run as root. In combination with the "[gid](#)" parameter this determines what file permissions are available. The default when run by a super-user is to switch to the system's "nobody" user. The default for a non-super-user is to not try to change the user. See also the "[gid](#)" parameter. The RSYNC_USER_NAME environment variable may be used to request that rsync run as the authorizing user. For example, if you want a rsync to run as the same user that was received for the rsync authentication, this setup is useful: > uid = %RSYNC_USER_NAME% > gid = * 0. `gid` This parameter specifies one or more group names/IDs that will be used when accessing the module. The first one will be the default group, and any extra ones be set as supplemental groups. You may also specify a "`*`" as the first gid in the list, which will be replaced by all the normal groups for the transfer's user (see "[uid](#)"). The default when run by a super-user is to switch to your OS's "nobody" (or perhaps "nogroup") group with no other supplementary groups. The default for a non-super-user is to not change any group attributes (and indeed, your OS may not allow a non-super-user to try to change their group settings). The specified list is normally split into tokens based on spaces and commas. However, if the list starts with a comma, then the list is only split on commas, which allows a group name to contain a space. In either case any leading and/or trailing whitespace is removed from the tokens and empty tokens are ignored. 0. `daemon uid` This parameter specifies a uid under which the daemon will run. The daemon usually runs as user root, and when this is left unset the user is left unchanged. See also the "[uid](#)" parameter. 0. `daemon gid` This parameter specifies a gid under which the daemon will run. The daemon usually runs as group root, and when this is left unset, the group is left unchanged. See also the "[gid](#)" parameter. 0. `fake super` Setting "fake super = yes" for a module causes the daemon side to behave as if the `--fake-super` command-line option had been specified. This allows the full attributes of a file to be stored without having to have the daemon actually running as root. 0. `filter` The daemon has its own filter chain that determines what files it will let the client access. This chain is not sent to the client and is independent of any filters the client may have specified. Files excluded by the daemon filter chain (`daemon-excluded` files) are treated as non-existent if the client tries to pull them, are skipped with an error message if the client tries to push them (triggering exit code 23), and are never deleted from the module. You can use daemon filters to prevent clients from downloading or tampering with private administrative files, such as files you may add to support uid/gid name translations. The daemon filter chain is built from the "filter", "[include from](#)", "[include](#)", "[exclude from](#)", and "[exclude](#)" parameters, in that order of priority. Anchored patterns are anchored at the root of the module. To prevent access to an entire subtree, for example, "`/secret`", you **must** exclude everything in the subtree; the easiest way to do this is with a triple-star pattern like "`/secret/***`". The filter chain matches the **logical name** of each item relative to the module root, not the physical file it resolves to. It is a visibility and tamper filter, **not** a security boundary against symlinks: a symlink inside the module whose own name is not excluded can still be followed to an excluded target (the name the filter sees -- e.g. "`link`" -- is not the excluded name -- e.g. "`secret`"). What protects a writable module from symlink trickery is the "[munge symlinks](#)" parameter (enabled by default for a writable, non-chrooted module), **not** this filter; do not rely on `exclude`/`filter` to confine a peer who can introduce or traverse a symlink. The "filter" parameter takes a space-separated list of daemon filter rules, though it is smart enough to know not to split a token at an internal space in a rule (e.g. "`- /foo - /bar`" is parsed as two rules). You may specify one or more merge-file rules using the normal syntax. Only one "filter" parameter can apply to a given module in the config file, so put all the rules you want in a single parameter. Note that per-directory merge-file rules do not provide as much protection as global rules, but they can be used to make `--delete` work better during a client download operation if the per-dir merge files are included in the transfer and the client requests that they be used. 0. `exclude` This parameter takes a space-separated list of daemon exclude patterns. As with the client `--exclude` option, patterns can be qualified with "`- `" or "`+ `" to explicitly indicate exclude/include. Only one "exclude" parameter can apply to a given module. See the "filter" parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the daemon. 0. `include` Use an "include" to override the effects of the "[exclude](#)" parameter. Only one "include" parameter can apply to a given module. See the "[filter](#)" parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the daemon. 0. `exclude from` This parameter specifies the name of a file on the daemon that contains daemon exclude patterns, one per line. Only one "exclude from" parameter can apply to a given module; if you have multiple exclude-from files, you can specify them as a merge file in the "[filter](#)" parameter. See the "[filter](#)" parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the daemon. 0. `include from` Analogue of "[exclude from](#)" for a file of daemon include patterns. Only one "include from" parameter can apply to a given module. See the "[filter](#)" parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the daemon. 0. `incoming chmod` This parameter allows you to specify a set of comma-separated chmod strings that will affect the permissions of all incoming files (files that are being received by the daemon). These changes happen after all other permission calculations, and this will even override destination-default and/or existing permissions when the client does not specify `--perms`. See the description of the `--chmod` rsync option and the **chmod**(1) manpage for information on the format of this string. 0. `outgoing chmod` This parameter allows you to specify a set of comma-separated chmod strings that will affect the permissions of all outgoing files (files that are being sent out from the daemon). These changes happen first, making the sent permissions appear to be different than those stored in the filesystem itself. For instance, you could disable group write permissions on the server while having it appear to be on to the clients. See the description of the `--chmod` rsync option and the **chmod**(1) manpage for information on the format of this string. 0. `auth users` This parameter specifies a comma and/or space-separated list of authorization rules. In its simplest form, you list the usernames that will be allowed to connect to this module. The usernames do not need to exist on the local system. The rules may contain shell wildcard characters that will be matched against the username provided by the client for authentication. If "auth users" is set then the client will be challenged to supply a username and password to connect to the module. A challenge response authentication protocol is used for this exchange. The plain text usernames and passwords are stored in the file specified by the "[secrets file](#)" parameter. The default is for all users to be able to connect without a password (this is called "anonymous rsync"). In addition to username matching, you can specify groupname matching via a '@' prefix. When using groupname matching, the authenticating username must be a real user on the system, or it will be assumed to be a member of no groups. For example, specifying "@rsync" will match the authenticating user if the named user is a member of the rsync group. Finally, options may be specified after a colon (:). The options allow you to "deny" a user or a group, set the access to "ro" (read-only), or set the access to "rw" (read/write). Setting an auth-rule-specific ro/rw setting overrides the module's "[read only](#)" setting. Be sure to put the rules in the order you want them to be matched, because the checking stops at the first matching user or group, and that is the only auth that is checked. For example: > auth users = joe:deny @guest:deny admin:rw @rsync:ro susan joe sam In the above rule, user joe will be denied access no matter what. Any user that is in the group "guest" is also denied access. The user "admin" gets access in read/write mode, but only if the admin user is not in group "guest" (because the admin user-matching rule would never be reached if the user is in group "guest"). Any other user who is in group "rsync" will get read-only access. Finally, users susan, joe, and sam get the ro/rw setting of the module, but only if the user didn't match an earlier group-matching rule. If you need to specify a user or group name with a space in it, start your list with a comma to indicate that the list should only be split on commas (though leading and trailing whitespace will also be removed, and empty entries are just ignored). For example: > auth users = , joe:deny, @Some Group:deny, admin:rw, @RO Group:ro See the description of the secrets file for how you can have per-user passwords as well as per-group passwords. It also explains how a user can authenticate using their user password or (when applicable) a group password, depending on what rule is being authenticated. See also the section entitled "USING RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE SHELL CONNECTION" in **rsync**(1) for information on how handle an rsyncd.conf-level username that differs from the remote-shell-level username when using a remote shell to connect to an rsync daemon. 0. `secrets file` This parameter specifies the name of a file that contains the username:password and/or @groupname:password pairs used for authenticating this module. This file is only consulted if the "[auth users](#)" parameter is specified. The file is line-based and contains one name:password pair per line. Any line has a hash (#) as the very first character on the line is considered a comment and is skipped. The passwords can contain any characters but be warned that many operating systems limit the length of passwords that can be typed at the client end, so you may find that passwords longer than 8 characters don't work. The use of group-specific lines are only relevant when the module is being authorized using a matching "@groupname" rule. When that happens, the user can be authorized via either their "username:password" line or the "@groupname:password" line for the group that triggered the authentication. It is up to you what kind of password entries you want to include, either users, groups, or both. The use of group rules in "[auth users](#)" does not require that you specify a group password if you do not want to use shared passwords. There is no default for the "secrets file" parameter, you must choose a name (such as `/etc/rsyncd.secrets`). Unless "[strict modes](#)" is disabled, the file must not be readable or writable by "other", and (when the daemon runs as root) must be owned by root; see "[strict modes](#)" for the exact check. If the file is not found or is rejected, no logins for an "[auth users](#)" module will be possible. 0. `auth digest` This parameter sets the *minimum* message digest that the daemon will accept for the challenge-response authentication of an "[auth users](#)" module. The available digests, strongest first, are `sha512`, `sha256`, `sha1`, `md5`, `md4`. The daemon selects its own most-preferred digest that also appears in the connecting client's advertised list (and falls back to `md5`, or `md4` below protocol 30, for a client that advertises none), so a client that advertises only weak digests can still force a weak negotiated digest. If it is weaker than the configured name, the connection is refused before the challenge is sent. The value is a single digest name, for example: > auth digest = sha256 which requires `sha256` or `sha512` and refuses an `md5` or `md4` exchange. This guards against an *auth-digest downgrade*. A peer that sends no digest list (any rsync before 3.2.0, including the openrsync that ships with macOS) makes the daemon fall back to `md5` (or `md4` below protocol 30), and an on-path attacker can rewrite the unauthenticated negotiation to force the same weak choice. A captured challenge-response is far cheaper to brute-force offline against a weak digest, so a site whose clients are all modern can require a strong one. See the rsync `SECURITY.md` document for the full threat model. There is **no default** -- the floor is off and the daemon accepts whatever digest is negotiated, preserving compatibility with older clients. Enabling a floor refuses every client that cannot offer at least that digest, notably any rsync older than 3.2.0 (when the SHA digests were added) and the macOS-bundled openrsync, which authenticate only with `md4`/`md5`. The SHA digests require an rsync built with openssl at both ends; naming a digest this build does not provide refuses all logins to the module (fail-closed). Like the other auth parameters, this may be set per module or, for a default that applies to every module, in the global part of the config file. 0. `strict modes` This parameter determines whether or not the permissions on the secrets file will be checked. If "strict modes" is true (the default), the secrets file is rejected if it is readable or writable by "other" (i.e. if any of the other-read or other-write permission bits is set), and, when the daemon is running as root, if the file is not owned by root. Group permissions and the other-execute bit are not consulted, so modes such as 600 or 640 are accepted while 644 (or any other-readable/-writable mode) is rejected. If "strict modes" is false, no permission check is performed. This parameter was added to accommodate rsync running on the Windows operating system. 0. `hosts allow` This parameter allows you to specify a list of comma- and/or whitespace-separated patterns that are matched against a connecting client's hostname and IP address. If none of the patterns match, then the connection is rejected. Each pattern can be in one of six forms: - a dotted decimal IPv4 address of the form a.b.c.d, or an IPv6 address of the form a:b:c::d:e:f. In this case the incoming machine's IP address must match exactly. - an address/mask in the form ipaddr/n where ipaddr is the IP address and n is the number of one bits in the netmask. All IP addresses which match the masked IP address will be allowed in. - an address/mask in the form ipaddr/maskaddr where ipaddr is the IP address and maskaddr is the netmask in dotted decimal notation for IPv4, or similar for IPv6, e.g. ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:: instead of /64. All IP addresses which match the masked IP address will be allowed in. - a hostname pattern using wildcards. If the hostname of the connecting IP (as determined by a reverse lookup) matches the wildcarded name (using the same rules as normal Unix filename matching), the client is allowed in. This only works if "[reverse lookup](#)" is enabled (the default). - a hostname. A plain hostname is matched against the reverse DNS of the connecting IP (if "[reverse lookup](#)" is enabled), and/or the IP of the given hostname is matched against the connecting IP (if "[forward lookup](#)" is enabled, as it is by default). Any match will be allowed in. - an '@' followed by a netgroup name, which will match if the reverse DNS of the connecting IP is in the specified netgroup. If rsync was built with IDN support (look for "IDN" in `rsync --version`), a hostname pattern may contain non-ASCII characters: this file is read as UTF-8, and each non-ASCII label is converted to its IDNA A-label ("Punycode") form before matching, since the name the daemon has for a client always reaches it from DNS as ASCII. A pattern written with combining characters is normalized on the way, so it matches the same as its precomposed spelling. Only those labels change, so an address, a mask, an already-punycoded name, and the wildcard characters are all matched exactly as written. A pattern that cannot be converted that way is matched as it stands, and thus matches nothing. That includes a pattern whose conversion would have introduced a character it was not written with, such as the U+FF0A FULLWIDTH ASTERISK that the IDNA mapping turns into a "*". Note IPv6 link-local addresses can have a scope in the address specification: > fe80::1%link1 > fe80::%link1/64 > fe80::%link1/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:: You can also combine "hosts allow" with "[hosts deny](#)" as a way to add exceptions to your deny list. When both parameters are specified, the "hosts allow" parameter is checked first and a match results in the client being able to connect. A non-allowed host is then matched against the "[hosts deny](#)" list to see if it should be rejected. A host that does not match either list is allowed to connect. The default is no "hosts allow" parameter, which means all hosts can connect. 0. `hosts deny` This parameter allows you to specify a list of comma- and/or whitespace-separated patterns that are matched against a connecting clients hostname and IP address. If the pattern matches then the connection is rejected. See the "[hosts allow](#)" parameter for more information. The default is no "hosts deny" parameter, which means all hosts can connect. 0. `reverse lookup` Controls whether the daemon performs a reverse lookup on the client's IP address to determine its hostname, which is used for "[hosts allow](#)" & "[hosts deny](#)" checks and the "%h" log escape. This is enabled by default, but you may wish to disable it to save time if you know the lookup will not return a useful result, in which case the daemon will use the name "UNDETERMINED" instead. If this parameter is enabled globally (even by default), rsync performs the lookup as soon as a client connects, so disabling it for a module will not avoid the lookup. Thus, you probably want to disable it globally and then enable it for modules that need the information. 0. `forward lookup` Controls whether the daemon performs a forward lookup on any hostname specified in an hosts allow/deny setting. By default this is enabled, allowing the use of an explicit hostname that would not be returned by reverse DNS of the connecting IP. 0. `ignore errors` This parameter tells rsyncd to ignore I/O errors on the daemon when deciding whether to run the delete phase of the transfer. Normally rsync skips the `--delete` step if any I/O errors have occurred in order to prevent disastrous deletion due to a temporary resource shortage or other I/O error. In some cases this test is counter productive so you can use this parameter to turn off this behavior. 0. `ignore nonreadable` This tells the rsync daemon to completely ignore files that are not readable by the user. This is useful for public archives that may have some non-readable files among the directories, and the sysadmin doesn't want those files to be seen at all. 0. `transfer logging` This parameter enables per-file logging of downloads and uploads in a format somewhat similar to that used by ftp daemons. The daemon always logs the transfer at the end, so if a transfer is aborted, no mention will be made in the log file. If you want to customize the log lines, see the "[log format](#)" parameter. 0. `log format` This parameter allows you to specify the format used for logging file transfers when transfer logging is enabled. The format is a text string containing embedded single-character escape sequences prefixed with a percent (%) character. An optional numeric field width may also be specified between the percent and the escape letter (e.g. "`%-50n %8l %07p`"). In addition, one or more apostrophes may be specified prior to a numerical escape to indicate that the numerical value should be made more human-readable. The 3 supported levels are the same as for the `--human-readable` command-line option, though the default is for human-readability to be off. Each added apostrophe increases the level (e.g. "`%''l %'b %f`"). The default log format is "`%o %h [%a] %m (%u) %f %l`", and a "`%t [%p] `" is always prefixed when using the "[log file](#)" parameter. (A perl script that will summarize this default log format is included in the rsync source code distribution in the "support" subdirectory: rsyncstats.) The single-character escapes that are understood are as follows: - %a the remote IP address (only available for a daemon) - %b the number of bytes actually transferred - %B the permission bits of the file (e.g. rwxrwxrwt) - %c the total size of the block checksums received for the basis file (only when sending) - %C the full-file checksum if it is known for the file. For older rsync protocols/versions, the checksum was salted, and is thus not a useful value (and is not displayed when that is the case). For the checksum to output for a file, either the `--checksum` option must be in-effect or the file must have been transferred without a salted checksum being used. See the `--checksum-choice` option for a way to choose the algorithm. - %f the filename (long form on sender; no trailing "/") - %G the gid of the file (decimal) or "DEFAULT" - %h the remote host name (only available for a daemon) - %i an itemized list of what is being updated - %l the length of the file in bytes - %L the string "` -> SYMLINK`", "` => HARDLINK`", or "" (where `SYMLINK` or `HARDLINK` is a filename) - %m the module name - %M the last-modified time of the file - %n the filename (short form; trailing "/" on dir) - %o the operation, which is "send", "recv", or "del." (the latter includes the trailing period) - %p the process ID of this rsync session - %P the module path - %t the current date time - %u the authenticated username or an empty string - %U the uid of the file (decimal) For a list of what the characters mean that are output by "%i", see the `--itemize-changes` option in the rsync manpage. Note that some of the logged output changes when talking with older rsync versions. For instance, deleted files were only output as verbose messages prior to rsync 2.6.4. 0. `timeout` This parameter allows you to override the clients choice for I/O timeout for this module. Using this parameter you can ensure that rsync won't wait on a dead client forever. The timeout is specified in seconds. A value of zero means no timeout and is the default. A good choice for anonymous rsync daemons may be 600 (giving a 10 minute timeout). 0. `refuse options` This parameter allows you to specify a space-separated list of rsync command-line options that will be refused by your rsync daemon. You may specify the full option name, its one-letter abbreviation, or a wild-card string that matches multiple options. Beginning in 3.2.0, you can also negate a match term by starting it with a "!". When an option is refused, the daemon prints an error message and exits. For example, this would refuse `--checksum` (`-c`) and all the various delete options: > refuse options = c delete The reason the above refuses all delete options is that the options imply `--delete`, and implied options are refused just like explicit options. The use of a negated match allows you to fine-tune your refusals after a wild-card, such as this: > refuse options = delete-* !delete-during Negated matching can also turn your list of refused options into a list of accepted options. To do this, begin the list with a "`*`" (to refuse all options) and then specify one or more negated matches to accept. For example: > refuse options = * !a !v !compress* Don't worry that the "`*`" will refuse certain vital options such as `--dry-run`, `--server`, `--no-iconv`, `--seclude-args`, etc. These important options are not matched by wild-card, so they must be overridden by their exact name. For instance, if you're forcing iconv transfers you could use something like this: > refuse options = * no-iconv !a !v As an additional aid (beginning in 3.2.0), refusing (or "`!refusing`") the "a" or "archive" option also affects all the options that the `--archive` option implies (`-rdlptgoD`), but only if the option is matched explicitly (not using a wildcard). If you want to do something tricky, you can use "`archive*`" to avoid this side-effect, but keep in mind that no normal rsync client ever sends the actual archive option to the server. As an additional safety feature, the refusal of "delete" also refuses `remove-source-files` when the daemon is the sender; if you want the latter without the former, instead refuse "`delete-*`" as that refuses all the delete modes without affecting `--remove-source-files`. (Keep in mind that the client's `--delete` option typically results in `--delete-during`.) When un-refusing delete options, you should either specify "`!delete*`" (to accept all delete options) or specify a limited set that includes "delete", such as: > refuse options = * !a !delete !delete-during ... whereas this accepts any delete option except `--delete-after`: > refuse options = * !a !delete* delete-after A note on refusing "compress": it may be better to set the "[dont compress](#)" daemon parameter to "`*`" and ensure that `RSYNC_COMPRESS_LIST=zlib` is set in the environment of the daemon in order to disable compression silently instead of returning an error that forces the client to remove the `-z` option. If you are un-refusing the compress option, you may want to match "`!compress*`" if you also want to allow the `--compress-level` option. Note that the "copy-devices" & "write-devices" options are refused by default, but they can be explicitly accepted with "`!copy-devices`" and/or "`!write-devices`". The options "log-file" and "log-file-format" are forcibly refused and cannot be accepted. Here are all the options that are not matched by wild-cards: - `--server`: Required for rsync to even work. - `--rsh`, `-e`: Required to convey compatibility flags to the server. - `--out-format`: This is required to convey output behavior to a remote receiver. While rsync passes the older alias `--log-format` for compatibility reasons, this options should not be confused with `--log-file-format`. - `--sender`: Use "[write only](#)" parameter instead of refusing this. - `--dry-run`, `-n`: Who would want to disable this? - `--seclude-args`, `-s`: Is the oldest arg-protection method. - `--from0`, `-0`: Makes it easier to accept/refuse `--files-from` without affecting this helpful modifier. - `--iconv`: This is auto-disabled based on "[charset](#)" parameter. - `--no-iconv`: Most transfers use this option. - `--checksum-seed`: Is a fairly rare, safe option. - `--write-devices`: Is non-wild but also auto-disabled. 0. `dont compress` **NOTE:** This parameter currently has no effect except in one instance: if it is set to "`*`" then it minimizes or disables compression for all files (for those that don't want to refuse the `--compress` option completely). This parameter allows you to select filenames based on wildcard patterns that should not be compressed when pulling files from the daemon (no analogous parameter exists to govern the pushing of files to a daemon). Compression can be expensive in terms of CPU usage, so it is usually good to not try to compress files that won't compress well, such as already compressed files. The "dont compress" parameter takes a space-separated list of case-insensitive wildcard patterns. Any source filename matching one of the patterns will be compressed as little as possible during the transfer. If the compression algorithm has an "off" level, then no compression occurs for those files. If an algorithms has the ability to change the level in mid-stream, it will be minimized to reduce the CPU usage as much as possible. See the `--skip-compress` parameter in the **rsync**(1) manpage for the list of file suffixes that are skipped by default if this parameter is not set. 0. `early exec`, `pre-xfer exec`, `post-xfer exec` You may specify a command to be run in the early stages of the connection, or right before and/or after the transfer. If the `early exec` or `pre-xfer exec` command returns an error code, the transfer is aborted before it begins. Any output from the `pre-xfer exec` command on stdout (up to several KB) will be displayed to the user when aborting, but is _not_ displayed if the script returns success. The other programs cannot send any text to the user. All output except for the `pre-xfer exec` stdout goes to the corresponding daemon's stdout/stderr, which is typically discarded. See the `--no-detach` option for a way to see the daemon's output, which can assist with debugging. Note that the `early exec` command runs before any part of the transfer request is known except for the module name. This helper script can be used to setup a disk mount or decrypt some data into a module dir, but you may need to use `lock file` and `max connections` to avoid concurrency issues. If the client rsync specified the `--early-input=FILE` option, it can send up to about 5K of data to the stdin of the early script. The stdin will otherwise be empty. Note that the `post-xfer exec` command is still run even if one of the other scripts returns an error code. The `pre-xfer exec` command will _not_ be run, however, if the `early exec` command fails. The following environment variables will be set, though some are specific to the pre-xfer or the post-xfer environment: - `RSYNC_MODULE_NAME`: The name of the module being accessed. - `RSYNC_MODULE_PATH`: The path configured for the module. - `RSYNC_HOST_ADDR`: The accessing host's IP address. - `RSYNC_HOST_NAME`: The accessing host's name. - `RSYNC_USER_NAME`: The accessing user's name (empty if no user). - `RSYNC_PID`: A unique number for this transfer. - `RSYNC_REQUEST`: (pre-xfer only) The module/path info specified by the user. Note that the user can specify multiple source files, so the request can be something like "mod/path1 mod/path2", etc. - `RSYNC_ARG#`: (pre-xfer only) The pre-request arguments are set in these numbered values. RSYNC_ARG0 is always "rsyncd", followed by the options that were used in RSYNC_ARG1, and so on. There will be a value of "." indicating that the options are done and the path args are beginning -- these contain similar information to RSYNC_REQUEST, but with values separated and the module name stripped off. - `RSYNC_EXIT_STATUS`: (post-xfer only) the server side's exit value. This will be 0 for a successful run, a positive value for an error that the server generated, or a -1 if rsync failed to exit properly. Note that an error that occurs on the client side does not currently get sent to the server side, so this is not the final exit status for the whole transfer. - `RSYNC_RAW_STATUS`: (post-xfer only) the raw exit value from **waitpid()**. A `%VAR%` reference expanded into one of these commands is escaped for the quoting context it appears in, which is correct for the single shell that runs the command. It is not correct for a command that starts a SECOND shell, such as `sh -c '... %RSYNC_USER_NAME% ...'`: the outer shell consumes the escaping, and the inner one sees the value bare. A value of `touc?` would then be glob-expanded against `/usr/bin/`, so the substitution is not data any more -- it chooses the command. Because rsync cannot escape for an unknown number of shell passes, a value carrying any character that a shell could act on is refused outright, and the transfer is aborted with > refusing to run shell hook: %VAR% holds a shell metacharacter The refused characters are whitespace, the quoting and expansion characters `'` `"` `` ` `` `$` `\`, the separators `;` `&` `|`, redirections `<` `>`, parentheses, the pattern characters `*` `?` `[` `]`, `#`, `!`, `~`, `{` `}`, and any control character. Some of those are harmless on their own and are refused for what a *second* shell would do with them -- `!` negates in command position, so a hook written as an access check can be turned from a denial into an approval, and `~` is tilde-expanded. This applies to EVERY `%RSYNC_*%` value, including ones you supplied yourself. In particular a module whose `path` contains any of them cannot be interpolated into one of these commands: `path = /srv/My Backups` with a command mentioning `%RSYNC_MODULE_PATH%` will refuse every transfer of that module, not just a hostile one. The restriction is deliberate -- rsync cannot tell your space from an attacker's once both are inside the same string, and `path` itself may be built from a peer value such as `path = /home/%RSYNC_USER_NAME%`. If you need such a value in a hook, pass it through the environment instead of interpolating it: the same names are exported to the command, so `"$RSYNC_MODULE_PATH"` inside your script is unrestricted by this check. Quote it there as shown -- rsync no longer has any say in how your script splits the value. Even though the commands can be associated with a particular module, they are run using the permissions of the user that started the daemon (not the module's uid/gid setting) without any chroot restrictions. These settings honor 2 environment variables: use RSYNC_SHELL to set a shell to use when running the command (which otherwise uses your **system()** call's default shell), and use RSYNC_NO_XFER_EXEC to disable both options completely. 0. `temp dir` Specifies a directory that rsync should use for temporary files created during the transfer of updated files. If that directory is on a different partition, after transfer file is being copied instead of unlinked. This parameter equals with `--temp-dir` option, so please consult rsync manpage for further information. ## CONFIG DIRECTIVES There are currently two config directives available that allow a config file to incorporate the contents of other files: `&include` and `&merge`. Both allow a reference to either a file or a directory. They differ in how segregated the file's contents are considered to be. The `&include` directive treats each file as more distinct, with each one inheriting the defaults of the parent file, starting the parameter parsing as globals/defaults, and leaving the defaults unchanged for the parsing of the rest of the parent file. The `&merge` directive, on the other hand, treats the file's contents as if it were simply inserted in place of the directive, and thus it can set parameters in a module started in another file, can affect the defaults for other files, etc. When an `&include` or `&merge` directive refers to a directory, it will read in all the `*.conf` or `*.inc` files (respectively) that are contained inside that directory (without any recursive scanning), with the files sorted into alpha order. So, if you have a directory named "rsyncd.d" with the files "foo.conf", "bar.conf", and "baz.conf" inside it, this directive: > &include /path/rsyncd.d would be the same as this set of directives: > &include /path/rsyncd.d/bar.conf > &include /path/rsyncd.d/baz.conf > &include /path/rsyncd.d/foo.conf except that it adjusts as files are added and removed from the directory. The advantage of the `&include` directive is that you can define one or more modules in a separate file without worrying about unintended side-effects between the self-contained module files. The advantage of the `&merge` directive is that you can load config snippets that can be included into multiple module definitions, and you can also set global values that will affect connections (such as `motd file`), or globals that will affect other include files. For example, this is a useful /etc/rsyncd.conf file: > port = 873 > log file = /var/log/rsync.log > pid file = /var/lock/rsync.lock > > &merge /etc/rsyncd.d > &include /etc/rsyncd.d This would merge any `/etc/rsyncd.d/*.inc` files (for global values that should stay in effect), and then include any `/etc/rsyncd.d/*.conf` files (defining modules without any global-value cross-talk). ## SECURITY An rsync daemon exposes part of your filesystem to network clients, and its master process usually runs as root, so it should be configured defensively. The following is a practical checklist; the project's `SECURITY.md` describes the underlying threat model and the per-platform residuals. 0. **Confine each module to its path.** Leave "[use chroot](#)" enabled (the default attempts a chroot) so the per-connection worker is jailed inside the module's "[path](#)". Where chroot is unavailable rsync still resolves every transfer path so it cannot escape the module through a symlinked parent, but a chroot is the stronger boundary -- keep it on unless you have a specific reason not to. A `path = /outer/./inner` chroots to `/outer` while serving `/inner` as the module root. 0. **Drop privileges.** Give each module a low-privilege "[uid](#)" and "[gid](#)" so a worker never serves files as root; only the master process needs root (to chroot and bind the port). Keep modules "[read only](#)" unless they must accept uploads, and prefer "[numeric ids](#)" (or a "[name converter](#)") so a malicious file list cannot map files to an unexpected local owner. 0. **Restrict who can connect.** Limit reachability with "[hosts allow](#)" / "[hosts deny](#)", bind the daemon to a specific "[address](#)", and use a host firewall. A module without "[auth users](#)" is reachable by anyone who can reach the port. 0. **Authenticate with a strong secret and digest.** Require login with "[auth users](#)" plus a "[secrets file](#)" that is readable only by the daemon user (rsync refuses a too-open file unless "[strict modes](#)" is disabled), and use a long, high-entropy secret. To refuse the weak MD4/MD5 challenge digests that old clients can negotiate, set a floor with "[auth digest](#)" (for example `auth digest = sha512`); see the AUTHENTICATION STRENGTH section below. 0. **Encrypt the connection.** The daemon protocol authenticates but does **not** encrypt the data stream. Do not expose a cleartext daemon to an untrusted network: front it with a TLS proxy (see the SSL/TLS Daemon Setup section below) or run it over ssh. 0. **Keep symlink handling safe.** Leave "[munge symlinks](#)" enabled on any writable module (it is the default) so an uploaded symlink cannot redirect a later operation outside the module. Do **not** set "[insecure links](#) = yes" on a host shared with untrusted local users: it disables the daemon's symlink-escape protections (re-opening the symlink TOCTOU/escape vulnerabilities, including CVE-2026-53797 and CVE-2026-53801) and is appropriate only on a single-tenant, fully isolated host. 0. **Refuse options you do not want.** Use "[refuse options](#)" to reject client options a module should not allow. ## AUTHENTICATION STRENGTH Daemon authentication is a challenge-response system in which the client returns a digest of the shared secret and a server-chosen challenge. Modern rsync (3.2.7 and later, built with openssl) negotiates the strongest digest both sides support -- `sha512` by default -- but for backward compatibility it falls back to `md5` (or `md4` below protocol 30) for a client that advertises no digest list, and the digest negotiation is itself unauthenticated. A daemon that wants to require a strong digest can set "[auth digest](#)". For the best protection, run rsync over ssh or a verified TLS transport (`rsync-ssl`), which protects the exchange at the transport layer, and use a high-entropy shared secret (which is infeasible to brute-force regardless of the digest). Also note that the rsync daemon protocol does not currently provide any encryption of the data that is transferred over the connection. Only authentication is provided. Use ssh as the transport if you want encryption. You can also make use of SSL/TLS encryption if you put rsync behind an SSL proxy. ## SSL/TLS Daemon Setup When setting up an rsync daemon for access via SSL/TLS, you will need to configure a TCP proxy (such as haproxy or nginx) as the front-end that handles the encryption. - You should limit the access to the backend-rsyncd port to only allow the proxy to connect. If it is on the same host as the proxy, then configuring it to only listen on localhost is a good idea. - You should consider turning on the `proxy protocol` rsync-daemon parameter if your proxy supports sending that information. The examples below assume that this is enabled. An example haproxy setup is as follows: > ``` > frontend fe_rsync-ssl > bind :::874 ssl crt /etc/letsencrypt/example.com/combined.pem > mode tcp > use_backend be_rsync > > backend be_rsync > mode tcp > server local-rsync 127.0.0.1:873 check send-proxy > ``` An example nginx proxy setup is as follows: > ``` > stream { > server { > listen 874 ssl; > listen [::]:874 ssl; > > ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/example.com/fullchain.pem; > ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/example.com/privkey.pem; > > proxy_pass localhost:873; > proxy_protocol on; # Requires rsyncd.conf "proxy protocol = true" > proxy_timeout 1m; > proxy_connect_timeout 5s; > } > } > ``` If rsyncd should be accessible encrypted and unencrypted at the same time make the proxy listen on port 873 as well and let it handle both streams. ## DAEMON CONFIG EXAMPLES A simple rsyncd.conf file that allow anonymous rsync to a ftp area at `/home/ftp` would be: > ``` > [ftp] > path = /home/ftp > comment = ftp export area > ``` A more sophisticated example would be: > ``` > uid = nobody > gid = nobody > use chroot = yes > max connections = 4 > syslog facility = local5 > pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid > > [ftp] > path = /var/ftp/./pub > comment = whole ftp area (approx 6.1 GB) > > [sambaftp] > path = /var/ftp/./pub/samba > comment = Samba ftp area (approx 300 MB) > > [rsyncftp] > path = /var/ftp/./pub/rsync > comment = rsync ftp area (approx 6 MB) > > [sambawww] > path = /public_html/samba > comment = Samba WWW pages (approx 240 MB) > > [cvs] > path = /data/cvs > comment = CVS repository (requires authentication) > auth users = tridge, susan > secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets > ``` The /etc/rsyncd.secrets file would look something like this: > tridge:mypass > susan:herpass ## FILES /etc/rsyncd.conf or rsyncd.conf ## SEE ALSO [**rsync**(1)](rsync.1), [**rsync-ssl**(1)](rsync-ssl.1) ## BUGS Please report bugs! The rsync bug tracking system is online at . ## VERSION This manpage is current for version @VERSION@ of rsync. ## CREDITS Rsync is distributed under the GNU General Public License. See the file [COPYING](COPYING) for details. An rsync web site is available at and its github project is . ## THANKS Thanks to Warren Stanley for his original idea and patch for the rsync daemon. Thanks to Karsten Thygesen for his many suggestions and documentation! ## AUTHOR Rsync was originally written by Andrew Tridgell and Paul Mackerras. Many people from around the world have helped to maintain and improve it. Special thanks go to Wayne Davison, who maintained rsync from 2004 to 2024. Mailing lists for support and development are available at .